Excavations at Gîza 1: 1929-1930

Ancient People

• Akhethetep (G 8942)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8942. Probable son of Kanefer and Peseshet. Entrance lintel, door jambs and drum inscribed for Akhethetep, identified as [jmj-r Hmw-kA mwt-nswt sS pr-HD sHD sSw Snwt rx nswt sS Snwt pr-HD] overseer of ka-priests of the king's mother, scribe of the treasury, inspector of scribes of the granary, royal acquaintance, scribe of the granary and of the treasury; chapel architrave inscribed for Akhethetep, identified as [sHD sSw n pr-HD jmj-r sSw n Axt-xwfw] inspector of scribes of the treasury, overseer of scribes of the pyramid of Khufu. Also appears in chapel relief (north, west, east, south walls), identified as [sS Snwt pr-HD Xnw] scribe of the granary and of the treasury of the Residence; false door and lintel inscribed for Akhethetep, identified as [rx nswt jmAx (xr) nb jmj-r Hmw-kA mwt-nswt sHD sSw pr-HD jmj-r sSw n Axt-xwfw sHD sSw Snwt] royal acquaintance, revered (before his) lord, overseer of ka-priests of the king's mother, inspector of scribes of the treasury, overseer of scribes of the pyramid of Khufu, inspector of scribes of the granary; all in situ in G 8942.
• Ankh-haf (in G 8806)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Possible son(?) of Ankhtef (owner of G 8806). Appears on false door of Ankhtef, identified as [rx nswt sHD sSw aprw] royal acquaintance, inspector of scribes of the crews. May also appear with his father on false door of Rawer (owner of G 8992), name only partially preserved.
• Ankhtef (G 8806)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8806. False door in vestibule and central false door of offering chamber inscribed for Ankhtef, identified in both places as [rx nswt jmj-r sSr sHD Hmw-kA] royal acquaintance, overseer of linen, inspector of ka-priests. Seated statuette (JE 87808) of Ankhtef, identified as [sHD Hmw-kA] inspector of ka-priests; in situ in serdab of G 8806. Also appears on false door of Rawer (owner of G 8992), identified as [sHD Hmw-kA jmj-r sSr] inspector of ka-priests, overseer of linen.
• Djedi (G 8954)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8954. Southern false door inscribed for Djedi, identified as [jmj-r Hmw-kA] overseer of ka-priests; in situ in chapel of G 8954.
• Djefanisut (G 8991)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8991. Appears seated on eastern jamb of chapel entrance, identified as [jmAx xr nb=f] revered before his lord; in situ in G 8991. Uninscribed limestone seated statue (JE 66623) presumably depicting Djefanisut; found in G 8991.
• Hamuka (in G 8942)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Eldest son ([sA=f smsw] his eldest son) of Akhethetep (owner of G 8942) and Nikauhathor. Appears standing with his father on northern entrance jamb and southern chapel wall; in situ in G 8942.
• Hathorwer (in G 8990)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Daughter ([sAt=f] his daughter) of Mersuankh (owner of G 8990). Statue of Mersuankh with daughters Iymeryt and Hathorwer; in situ in serdab 2 of G 8990. Three fragments of pair statue of Mersuankh and Hathorwer; found in shaft 151 of G 8990.
• Heknu (in G 8911)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Wife ([Hmt=f] his wife) of Iy (owner of G 8911). Appears on entrance lintel inscribed for Iy; found displaced in front of entrance to G 8911. Also appears on false door inscribed for Iy; in situ in chapel of G 8911.
• Hernefret (in G 8942)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Appears carrying basin and ewer at bottom of eastern chapel wall, identified as [Hm-kA pr-mnat Hrnfrt] ka-priest of the birthing-house(?) Hernefret; in situ in G 8942. Alternately, inscription may read [Hm-kA prHrnfrt] ka-priest Perhernefret.
• Herunefer (in G 8942)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Appears censing at bottom of eastern chapel wall, identified as [Hm-kA] ka-priest; in situ in G 8942.
• Hetepheres (in G 8926)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Wife ([Hmt=f] his wife) of Ptahsedjefa Fefi (owner of G 8926). Appears on false door of Fefi, identified as [rxt nswt] royal acquaintance; in situ in G 8926.
• 

  Hetepheres (in G 8988)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Wife of Itisen and mother ([mwt=f] his mother) of Rawer (owner of G 8988). Appears in family group statue of Rawer and in tomb relief (eastern wall of vestibule) standing before her son, identified in both places as [rxt nswt] royal acquaintance; in situ in G 8988. Also probable owner of broken standing statue (WAM_1934.48); possibly from G 8988.
• Hetepheres (in G 8988)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Daughter ([sAt=f] his daughter) of Rawer (owner of G 8988). Appears in family group statue of Rawer.
• Imby (G 8910)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8910. Entrance lintel inscribed for Imby, identified as [jmj-r Hmw-kA mwt-nswt jmj-r n st xntjw-S pr-aA] overseer of ka-priests of the king's mother, overseer of the department of palace attendants of the Great House; found displaced in front of G 8910. Drum inscribed for Imby, identified as [jmj-r Hmw-kA jmj-r n st pr-aA] overseer of ka-priests, overseer of the department of the Great House; false door of Imby, identified as [jmj-r Hmw-kA mwt-nswt] overseer of ka-priests of the king's mother; both in situ in G 8910. Seated limestone statue of Imby, identified as [jmj-r Hmw-kA mwt-nswt rx nswt sHD pr-aA sHD xntjw-S pr-aA nb jmAx xr nb=f] overseer of ka-priests of the king's mother, royal acquaintance, inspector of the Great House, inspector of palace attendants of the Great House, possessor of reverence before his lord; in situ in serdab of G 8910.
• Itisen (in G 8988)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Husband of Hetepheres and father ([jt=f] his father) of Rawer (owner of G 8988). Appears in family group statue of Rawer, identified as [rx nswt] royal acquaintance.
• Iy (G 8911)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8911. Entrance lintel inscribed for Iy, identified as [rx nswt jmj-r pr] royal acquaintance, steward; found displaced in front of entrance to G 8911. False door inscribed for Iy, identified as [rx nswt jmj-r pr] royal acquaintance, steward; in situ in chapel of G 8911.
• Iymeryt (in G 8990)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Eldest daughter ([sAt=f smsw] his eldest daughter) of Mersuankh (owner of G 8990). Statue of Mersuankh with daughters Iymeryt and Hathorwer; in situ in serdab 2 of G 8990. Also appears on false door of Mersuankh (southern inner jamb, bottom register); in situ in G 8990.
• Iynefret (in G 8911)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Son ([sA=f smsw] his eldest son) of Iy (owner of G 8911) and Heknu. Appears on false door inscribed for Iy; in situ in chapel of G 8911.
• Kaiy (in G 8942)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Appears carrying tray of offerings at bottom of eastern chapel wall, identified as [Hm-kA] ka-priest; in situ in G 8942.
• Kanefer (in G 8942)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Father of Akhethetep (owner of G 8942). Appears on false door of wife Peseshet, identified as [rx nswt] royal acquaintance; in situ in chapel of G 8942.
• Khaib (in G 8988)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Appears (fragment of east wall of lower court, lower register) offering foreleg of beef, identified as [sHD Hmw-kA] inspector of ka-priests.
• Khentkaus (in G 8988)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Appears on eastern wall of vestibule of G 8988. Any relation to tomb owner Rawer is unspecified.
• Khnumhesef (in G 8990)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Son ([sA=f] his son) of Mersuankh (owner of G 8990). Appears in wall relief (southern wall of serdab) with his brothers, kneeling before their father; in situ in G 8990.
• Meniu (in G 8988)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Appears (only leg preserved, fragment of east wall of lower court, upper register), identified as [xtmw] sealer.
• 

  Mersuankh (G 8990)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8990. Chapel lintel, door jambs and reveals inscribed for Mersuankh, identified as [jmj-r jdw n Xnw sHD Hmw-kA nfr] overseer of young men of the Residence, inspector of ka-priests, cadet; in situ in G 8990. False door inscribed for Mersuankh, identified as [Dt smr rawr jmj-r jdw n Xnw jmj-r jSt=f nbt n Xnw nt rwt] djet-priest of the companion Rawer, overseer of young men of the Residence, overseer of all his (Rawer's) possessions of the Residence and the exterior; in situ in G 8990. Four limestone offering tables inscribed for Mersuankh; in situ before false door. Also appears on false door of his mother Rudjsaus, and in wall reliefs and statuary (JE 66617-66620) from serdabs and shafts; in situ in G 8990.
• Meruka (G 8986)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8986. Fragments of false door inscribed for Meruka, identified as [rx nswt jmj-r pr n sm xrp SnDt] royal acquaintance, steward of the sem-priest and director of the kilt (probably referring to Rawer, owner of the large neighboring tomb G 8988).
• Neferkaues (in G 8926)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Daughter ([sAt=f] his daughter) of Ptahsedjefa Fefi (owner of G 8926) and Hetepheres. Appears standing behind her mother on false door of Fefi; in situ in G 8926.
• Neferwent (G 8989)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner(?) of G 8989. False door inscribed for Neferwent, identified as [sHD xntjw-S pr-aA jmj-r st xntjw-S pr-aA] inspector of palace attendants of the Great House, overseer of the department of palace attendants of the Great House.
• Nefret (in G 8910)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Wife ([Hmt=f] his wife) of Imby (owner of G 8910). Appears seated with her husband on entrance lintel; found displaced in front of G 8910. Also appears on false door lintel inscribed for Nefret, identified as [rxt nswt] royal acquaintance; in situ in chapel of G 8910.
• Nefret (in G 8942)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Eldest daughter ([sAt=f smswt] his eldest daughter) of Akhethetep (owner of G 8942) and Nikauhathor. Appears standing with her father on southern entrance jamb and western chapel wall; in situ in G 8942.
• Nikauhathor (in G 8942)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Wife of Akhethetep (owner of G 8942). False door and lintel inscribed for Nikauhathor, identified as [rxt nswt Hm-kA mwt-nswt] royal acquaintance, ka-priest of the king's mother; in situ in chapel of G 8942.
• Peseshet (in G 8942)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Mother of Akhethetep (owner of G 8942). Appears with husband Kanefer on false door inscribed for Peseshet, identified as [jmj-r swnwt rxt nswt jmj-r Hmw-kA mwt-nswt] overseer of female physicians, royal acquaintance, overseer of ka-priests of the king's mother; in situ in chapel of G 8942.
• Ptahsedjefa Fefi (G 8926)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8926. Entrance lintel and drum inscribed for Fefi, identified as [rx nswt jmj-r Hmw-kA] royal acquaintance, overseer of ka-priests; lintel found broken in fragments before entrance, drum in situ in G 8926. False door inscribed for Ptahsedjefa Fefi, identified as [rx nswt jmj-r Hmw-kA] royal acquaintance, overseer of ka-priests; in situ in G 8926. Limestone sarcophagus (JE 66681) inscribed for Ptahsedjefa Fefi; found in burial chamber of G 8926.
• Rawer (G 8988)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8988. Son of Itisen and Hetepheres. Entrance architrave, lintel and facade inscribed for Rawer, identified as [smr watj Hrj-tp nxb Hm-nTr Hr-jnpw xntj pr Smswt watj aD-mr Hr sbA xntj pt sm xrp SnDt xt mnw xrp aH Hrj-sStA n pr(-dwAt) Xrj-Hb wa m wrw Hb xrp Hwwt nt mw aD-mr dp Hm-nTr wADt jrj nfr-HAt] sole companion, chief of Nekheb, priest of Horus-Anubis who presides solely over the suite, administrator of the district 'Star-of-Horus-Foremost-of-Heaven', sem-priest, director of the kilt, khet-priest of Min, director of the palace, secretary of the House (of Morning), lector-priest, sole one of the great ones of the festival, director of mansions of mu-textiles(?), administrator of Dep, priest of Wadjet, keeper of the diadem; facade in situ, lintel and architrave fallen in front of entrance to G 8988. Inner door jambs inscribed for Rawer, identified as [jmj-r Xkrw nswt n jswj overseer of the king's ornaments in the two chambers; in situ in G 8988. Inscription along top of eastern wall of serdab 14 with titles [Hm-nTr nxbt Hm-ntr wADt smr watj n(j) mrwt] priest of Nekhbet, priest of Wadjet, sole companion, possessor of love; in situ in G 8988. Rawer appears on alabaster panel (JE 66626) in niche 14, identified as [Hrj-sStA n mdw-nTr] secretary of the sacred writings; in situ in G 8988. Inscribed limestone slab with title [Hm-nTr wADt p dp] priest of Wadjet in Pe and Dep; found displaced in G 8988. Inscribed limestone slab with title [jmj-r wabt] overseer of the wabet; found fallen from wall of first chamber of eastern passage in G 8988. Life-size limestone statue of Rawer, inscribed [jrj nfr-HAt (smsw?) wxrt aAt jr Sn nswt] keeper of the diadem, (elder?) of the great shipyard, royal hairdresser; found in back of second chamber of eastern passage in G 8988. Life-size limestone statue of Rawer, inscribed [jmj-jb n nb=f Hrj-sStA n nswt] he who is in the heart of his lord, secretary of the king; found in situ in serdab 12 of G 8988, along with limestone relief of biographical inscription (JE 66682). A large number of other inscribed statues and fragments of Rawer and his family found throughout G 8988 (including JE 66615, a quartzite "pseudo-group" statue of Rawer, and JE 66625, a limestone statue head of Rawer).
• Rawer (G 8992)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8992. Two false doors in eastern facade inscribed for Rawer, identified as [sbA Hsw nswt jmj-r sSr Hm-kA] instructor of royal singers, overseer of linen, ka-priest.
• Rawer (in G 8942)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Son ([sA=f] his son) of Akhethetep (owner of G 8942) and Nikauhathor. Appears standing with his father on eastern chapel wall; in situ in G 8942.
• Rawer (in G 8988)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Son ([sA=f] his son]) of Rawer (owner of G 8988). Appears in family group statue of Rawer, identified as [rx nswt] royal acquaintance.
• Rudjsaus (in G 8990)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Mother ([mwt=f]) of Mersuankh (owner of G 8990). False door dedicated by Mersuankh to Rudjsaus, identified as [jmj-r pr jnawt nt Xnw] overseer of the house of weaving women of the Residence. Also appears on false door of Mersuankh (southern inner jamb, top register); both doors in situ in G 8990.
• Sekhemre (in G 8992)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Appears (figure poorly preserved) on southern outer jamb of false door of Rawer (owner of G 8992). Possibly same individual as Sekhemre (in G 8978)?
• Seshemneferptah (in G 8990)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Son ([sA=f] his son) of Mersuankh (owner of G 8990). Appears in wall relief (southern wall of serdab) with his brothers, kneeling before their father; in situ in G 8990.
• Shepseskafankh (in G 8988)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Appears (fragment of east wall of lower court, upper register) censing, identified as [sHD Hmw-kA] inspector of ka-priests.
• User (G 8912)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8912. Entrance lintel and drum inscribed for User, identified as [rx nswt jmj-r pr jmj-r Hmw-kA] royal acquaintance, steward, overseer of ka-priests; in situ in G 8912.
• Washka (in G 8926)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Son ([sA=f] his son) of Ptahsedjefa Fefi (owner of G 8926) and Hetepheres. Appears standing behind his father on false door of Fefi; in situ in G 8926.
• Wernire(?) (in G 8992)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Appears on southern outer jamb of false door of Rawer (owner of G 8992).

Modern People

• John Johnson

  • Type Publisher
  • Nationality & Dates British
• 

  Selim Hassan (Bey)

  • Type Author
  • Nationality & Dates Egyptian, 1886–1961
  • Remarks Egyptologist; Sub Director General. Nationality and life dates from Who was Who in Egyptology. (1886-1961) Egyptian Egyptologist; born Mit-Nagi, 15 April 1886, he studied at the Higher Teacher's College, Cairo under Kamal (q.v.); in 1912 he became a teacher and in 1921 obtained a post in the Egyptian Museum as assistant keeper; he studied in Paris 1923-7 at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes; he was the first Egyptian to be appointed as a Professor of Egyptology in the Universitv of Cairo, 1928 - 36; he was later made Deputy Director of the Egyptian Antiquities Service responsible for the care of all monuments in the Nile valley, 1936-39; Ph.D. Vienna University, 1935; stimulated by the archaeological work of P. E. Newberry (q.v.) and Junker (q.v.)he began an active career in excavations with the clearance of some of the Giza mastabas in 1929; the excavations carried on by him in this necropolis continued until 1939 by which time a great deal of digging had been achieved, published in 10 parts; he also cleared the Sphinx and its temple, for the first time completely digging out the great amphitheatre around it and ensuring that it would not be buried by send again so easily; he wrote a study on this work and on the temple of Amenhotep II here; in addition the so-called Fourth Pyramid or the palace-façade tomb of Queen Khent-kawes of the Fourth Dynasty was investigated and also the funerary town of the priests associated with it; he later worked on the Unas causeway at Saqqara and at the valley temple of this king, discovering some of the mastabas in this area and two great subterranean tombs dated to the Second Dynasty; his final excavations at Giza were carried out on the east and south faces of the Great Pyramid and at the mortuary temple of King Khufu, 1938-9; he also took part in the campaign to save the monments of Nubia, and wrote a report on this subject; he published about 53 books and articles on Egyptological subjects in English, French, and Arabic, Hymnes religieux du Moyen Empire, 1928; Le Poème dit de Pentaour et Le rapport officiel sur la bataiILe de Qadesh , 1929; Excavations at Giza, 10 pts., 1929-60; The Sphinx. Its History in the Light of recent Excavations, 1949; Report on the Monunents of Nubia,1955Excavations at Saqqara 1937-8, 3 vols., 1975; in Arabic Literature of Ancient Egpt, 2 vols.; Ancient Egypt from Prehistoric Times to the Age of Rameses 11, 6 vols.; he died in Giza, 30 Sept. 1961. AfO 20 (1963), 310 (H. Brunner); Archaeology 14, no, 4 (1961, 293; ASAE 58 (1964), 61- 84 (bibl.) (Dia Abou-Ghazi); Orientalia 31 (1962), 271; Goettinger Miszellen 76 (1984), 78-80; Reid, JAOS 105 (1985), 237, 241-44.

• Faculty of Arts, Egyptian University

  • Type Publisher
• Oxford University Press

  • Type Publisher