Mélanges offerts à Edith Varga, pp. 65-80, "Osiris in the Fourth Dynasty Again? The False Door of Jntj, MFA 31.781"

Ancient People

• Akhethetep (Akhethetep)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Possibly attested on fragmentary offering slab found in Western Cemetery (exact find spot not recorded) by Abu Bakr with excavation number 433 [see Handoussa article in FS Lesko].
• Ankhtef (G 8806)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8806. False door in vestibule and central false door of offering chamber inscribed for Ankhtef, identified in both places as [rx nswt jmj-r sSr sHD Hmw-kA] royal acquaintance, overseer of linen, inspector of ka-priests. Seated statuette (JE 87808) of Ankhtef, identified as [sHD Hmw-kA] inspector of ka-priests; in situ in serdab of G 8806. Also appears on false door of Rawer (owner of G 8992), identified as [sHD Hmw-kA jmj-r sSr] inspector of ka-priests, overseer of linen.
• 

  Hagy (G 2352)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 2352. Limestone false door (north false door) inscribed for Hagy, identified as [rx nswt wab HqA Hwt jssj Hm-nTr bjkwj-nbw jmj-r sxwt xwfw jmj-r sSrt nt Axt-xwfw jmj-r jHw] royal acquaintance, wab-priest, chief of the chapel of Isesi, priest of the Two Horuses of Gold (Khufu), overseer of the fields of Khufu, overseer of the milk herd of the pyramid of Khufu, overseer of cattle; in situ in G 2352.
• Hemetre (G 8464)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Father probably Khafre
• Hemu (G 8492)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8492. Appears multiple times in tomb decoration (drum lintel, architrave, door jambs, northern false door, chapel west wall), identified variously as [rx nswt wab nswt sHD pr-aA smr pr Hrj-sStA Hm-nTr Nj-wsr-ra Hm-nTr ra m Axt-ra Hm-nTr Sspw-jb-ra sHD pr jrj mrHt] royal acquaintance, royal wab-priest, inspector of the Great House, companion of the house, secretary, priest of Niuserre, priest of Re in the sun-temple of Menkauhor, priest of Re in the sun-temple of Niuserre, inspector of the house, keeper of oils; in situ in G 8492. Appears south of southern false door on west wall of chapel, and on left outer door thickness, identified as [sAb sS] juridicial scribe; both in situ in G 8472. Also appears with his wife Nubhetep on limestone panel (EMC_TR_19.6.46.7); found displaced in front of doorway of chapel in G 8472. Fragments of a false door inscribed for Hemu were found displaced near the northern end of the western wall of the passage between G 8472 and G 8492.
• 

  Iha (in G 4761)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Probable son of Nefer [I] (owner of G 4761, occasionally misidentified as G 4861 by Reisner). False door (KHM Vienna ÄS 7445) inscribed for Iha, identified as [sAb jmj-r sSw sHD Axt-xwfw Hm-nTr mAat Hrj-sStA n wDa-mdw] juridicial overseer of scribes, inspector of the pyramid of Khufu, priest of Maat, secretary of judgements; found in fragments in chapel of G 4761. Also appears in chapel relief in tomb of Nefer [I], chapel entrance west door jamb, identified as [sAb sS] juridicial scribe; in situ in G 4761.
• 

  Inetkaes (in Itju)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Wife of Itju (owner of Itju, unnumbered mastaba excavated by Junker). North false door inscribed for Inetkaes, identified as [mjtrt] mitret; found in situ in mastaba of Itju corridor chapel.
• 

  Inti (in Street G 7700)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Limestone false door (29-12-106 = MFA 31.781) inscribed for Inti; found in debris of street G 7700, east of G 7753.
• Irenakhet Iri (G 8538)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
• Ireru (G 8698)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8698. Entrance door jambs and reveals (incompletely preserved) and drum lintel inscribed for Ireru, identified as [jmj-r Sna jaw-r nswt] overseer of the storeroom of the king's repast; in situ in G 8698. Two false doors inscribed for Ireru, identified as [jmj-r Sna jaw-r nswt wab nswt rx nswt] overseer of the storeroom of the king's repast, royal wab-priest, royal acquaintance; in situ in G 8698. Appears seated at offering table in chapel relief (west wall); in situ in G 8698.
• Isesi

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks King of Dynasty 5. Horus name: [Dd-xaw] Djedkhau; other names: [Dd-kA-ra] Djedkare, [jssj] Isesi
• 

  Itju (Itju)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of Itju (unnumbered mastaba excavated by Junker). Central false door and south false door (Hildesheim 3113) inscribed for Itju, identified as [wab nswt] royal wab-priest; found in situ in mastaba of Itju corridor chapel. Window inscribed for Itju; found in situ in east wall of mastaba of Itju corridor chapel.
• 

  Kahif (G 2136)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 2136. Architectural elements, including chapel entrance lintel (KHM Vienna ÄS 8211) and drum lintel (in situ) inscribed for Kahif, identified as [wab nswt sHD xntjw-S] royal wab-priest, inspector of palace attendants; south false door inscribed for Kahif, identified as [sHD xntjw-S rx nswt wab nswt Hm-nTr xwfw Hrj tm(?)] inspector of palace attendants, royal acquaintance, royal wab-priest, priest of Khufu, supervisor of the tem(?); also appears in chapel relief (east, south, west, and north walls), identified on north wall as [Hm-nTr Hr mDdw (Hrj)-sStA Hm-nTr mDdrnbtj] priest of the Horus Medjedu (Khufu), secretary, priest of Medjedernebty (Khufu); appears on tablet of north false door inscribed for his mother Khenmet, identified as [sHD xntjw-S pr-aA wab nswt Hm-nTr xwfw] inspector of palace attendants of the Great House, royal wab-priest, priest of Khufu; all but lintel in situ in G 2136.
• 

  Kednes [I] (Kednes [I])

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of Kednes [I] (unnumbered mastaba excavated by Junker). South false door (Cairo JE 49693) and upper lintel (Leipzig 3132) inscribed for Kednes, identified as [xntj-S wab nswt Hm-nTr xwfw Hm-nTr Hr mDdw] palace attendant, royal wab-priest, priest of Khufu, priest of the Horus Medjedu (Khufu); false door found in situ in mastaba of Kednes [I].
• Khenu (G 8697)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8697. Southern false door (very poorly preserved) inscribed for Khenu; in situ in G 8697.
• 

  Khnemu (Khnemu)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of Khnemu (unnumbered mastaba excavated by Junker). South (partially inscribed) and north false doors inscribed for Khnemu, identified as [Hm-kA Hwt-aA] ka-priest, (one belonging to) the Great Estate; also appears in chapel relief, west wall (seated at offering table with his wife Hathorwer, and with his parents [names not preserved] seated opposite); in situ in mastaba of Khnemu.
• 

  Khnumhetep [II] (Khnumhetep [II])

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of Khnumhetep [II] (unnumbered mastaba excavated by Junker). Appears in chapel relief (north and south door jambs, east and west walls, name not preserved in all instances, chapel badly damaged, only portions of jambs and walls remain), identified as [rx nswt xrp wabw nswt Hm-nTr xwfw jmj-r Hmw-kA sS mDAt nswt] royal acquaintance, director of the royal wab-priests, priest of Khufu, overseer of ka-priests, scribe of the royal archive; in situ in mastaba of Khnumhetep [II].
• Khufukhaf [II] (G 7150)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
• Khufukhaf [I] (G 7130-7140)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Son of Khufu and probably Henutsen. He is buried in G 7140.
• 

  Meresankh III (G 7530-7540)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 7530-7540.Granddaughter of King Khufu, builder of the Great Pyramid, and wife of either Khafre or Menkaure. Her unique underground chapel (labeled G 7530-7540) preserves beautifully carved and painted scenes of the queen and her royal family, as well as servants, artisans, and funerary priests. The scenes also depict the sort of rich burial goods that would have been placed in Meresankh’s tomb: statues and fine furniture; boxes containing food, clothing, and jewelry; even a representation of the black granite sarcophagus that was actually found in situ in her burial chamber. Chapel entrance architrave, jambs, reveals and drum inscribed for Meresankh, idenitifed as [mAAt Hr stX wrt Hts nbwj xt Hr wrt Hst DHwtj smrt Hr mrt=f sAt nswt n Xt=f Hmt nswt mrt] seer of Horus and Seth, great one of the hetes-scepter of the Two Lords, khet-priestess of Horus, great of praises of Thoth, companion of Horus, his beloved, king's daughter of his body, beloved king's wife; in situ in G 7530-7540. Appears in chapel relief of main room: seated holding lotus (south wall); standing with her mother (east wall), idenitifed as [wrt Hts] great one of the hetes-scepter; on pillars (north wall), idenitifed as [tjst Hr] intimate(?) of Horus; seated at offering table, standing north of false door and on central pillar, and with her mother and son (west wall), idenitifed as [Hm-nTr DHwtj wrt Hts nbtj Hm-nTr bApf Hm-nTr HwtHr nbt jwnt smAwt mrjj nbtj] priestess of Thoth, great one of the hetes-scepter of the Two Ladies, priestess of Bapef, priestess of Hathor Mistress-of-Dendera, consort of him who is beloved of the Two Ladies; in situ in G 7530-7540. Also appears on all walls of offering (west) room; in situ in G 7530-7540. Architrave on north wall of north room inscribed for Meresankh; uninscribed statues may also represent Meresankh (along with other female family members); in situ in G 7530-7540. Black granite sarcophagus (Cairo JE 54935) inscribed for Meresankh, idenitifed as [xrp sSmtjw SnDt] director of butchers of the 'Acacia House'; in situ in burial chamber of G 7530-7540. Incomplete limestone statue of Meresankh (MFA 30.1457) and pair statue of Meresankh and Hetepheres II (MFA 30.1456); found displaced in debris of main room. Mother ([mwt=f] his mother) of Nebemakhet (owner of G 8172 = Lepsius 86). Appears in relief of inner chapel (above doorway in eastern wall), identified as [mAAt Hr stX wrt Hts wrt Hst Hmt nswt] seer of Horus and Seth, great one of the hetes-scepter, great of praises, king's wife; in situ in G 8172. Also mentioned in the tomb of her steward Khemetnu (owner of G 5210).
• 

  Meshetj (Meshetj)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of Meshetj (unnumbered mastaba excavated by Junker). Chapel entrance drum lintel inscribed for Meshetj, identified as [sHD wabw Axt-xwfw] inspector of wab-priests of the pyramid of Khufu; in situ in mastaba of Meshetj.
• 

  Nefer [I] (G 4761)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 4761 (occasionally misidentified as G 4861 by Reisner). Architectural elements, including chapel entrance drum lintel, east and west door jambs, and north and south false doors inscribed for Nefer; also appears in chapel relief (west, south, and east walls); identified as [rx nswt wab nswt Hm-nTr Hr mDdw Hm-nTr mDdrnbtj jmj-r pr jmj-r Hmw-kA] royal acquaintance, royal wab-priest, priest of the Horus Medjedu (Khufu), priest of Medjedernebty (Khufu), steward, overseer of ka-priests; in situ in G 4761.
• 

  Neferen (Neferen)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of Neferen (unnumbered mastaba excavated by Junker). Chapel entrance lintel (Hildesheim 5) and drum lintel, and south false door (Leipzig 3135) inscribed for Neferen, identified as [jmj-r xAw jmj-r pr-Sna jmj-r jrjwt] overseer of corn-measurers, overseer of the storehouse, overseer of female weavers; found in mastaba of Neferen. Person depicted facing figure of Wer on north false door tablet may be Neferen or possibly Djat (name not preserved).
• Neferhetep (G 8935)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
• Niuserre

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks King of Dynasty 5.
• 

  Saib (G 2092+2093)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 2092+2093. False door inscribed for Saib; also appears in chapel relief, including chapel entrance door jambs, and displaced pillar from recessed chapel; identified as [smr xrp aH jmj-r xntjw-S pr-aA sAb aD-mr Hrj-sStA n pr-dwAt] companion, director of the palace, overseer of palace attendants of the Great House, judge and administrator, secretary of the House of Morning; door jambs and false door in situ in G 2091.
• Seshemnefer (G 8680)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8680. Appears on panel of false door, identified as [rxt nswt] royal acquaintance; in situ in west wall of chapel of G 8680.
• 

  Seshemnefer [III] (G 5170)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 5170. North and south false doors inscribed for Seshemnefer; also appears in chapel relief (west, south, east walls); identified as [sA nswt n Xt=f tAjtj sAb Tatj] king's son of his body, chief justice and vizier; chapel (Tübingen 3) found in situ in G 5170. Son ([sA=f] his son) of Seshemnefer [II] (owner of G 5080) and Henutsen. Appears in chapel relief, west wall (between false doors, kneeling beneath chair, figure on right), south wall (upper register of three registers fully preserved, figure on left), and east wall (depicted as young boy standing in front of his father), identified as [jmj-r sSw a nswt] overseer of royal document scribes; in situ in G 5080.
• 

  Seshemnefer [I] (G 4940)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 4940. North and south false doors inscribed for Seshemnefer; also appears in chapel relief (north, west, east, and south walls), identified as [rx nswt Xrj-tp nswt Hwt Hr-xpr xt HA Hm-nTr Hqt Hm-nTr Hr THnw qA-a sAb aD-mr wr mDw Sma Hrj-sStA jmj-r kAt nt nswt jmj-r sSw Xr-a nswt Hrj-wDbw m Hwt-anx jmj-r stj-DfAw smr Hm-nTr jnpw xrp aH] royal acquaintance, royal chamberlain of the funerary temple of Horkheper (Djedefre), khet-priest of Ha, priest of Heqet, priest of Horus of Libya, elevated of arm, judge and administrator, great one of the tens of Upper Egypt, secretary, overseer of royal works, overseer of scribes of the royal portfolios, master of reversion-offerings in the Mansion of Life, overseer of the two places of provisions, companion, priest of Anubis, director of the palace; in situ in G 4940.
• Shepseskafankh (G 8492)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Presumed by Hassan to be co-owner of tomb. Southern false door inscribed for Shepseskafankh, identified as [rx nswt jmj-r Hmw-kA jmj-r pr] royal acquaintance, overseer of ka-priests, steward; in situ.
• 

  Sneferuhetep (G 3008)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 3008. South false door inscribed for Sneferuhetep, also appears in chapel wall painting, east, south, and west walls, identified as [rx nswt sS nswt sHD wabw xa-snfrw wr mDw Sma Hrj-sStA n nTr=f Hrj-sStA m kAt sxt] royal acquaintance, royal scribe, inspector of wab-priests of the pyramid of Snefru, great one of the tens of Upper Egypt, secretary of his god, secretary of works in the field; in situ in G 3008. Fragment of door jamb (UPM_E13543) inscribed for Sneferuhetep, identified as [rx nswt] royal acquaintance; found in debris of shaft G 3008 C, originally from door to offering room.
• Tjereru (G 8875)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8875. False door inscribed for Tjereru, identified as [sHD Hmw-kA jmj-r sSr] inspector of ka-priests, overseer of linen; in situ in facade of G 8875.
• 

  Tjetu Mesni (in G 2001)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Son ([sA=f smsw] his eldest son) of Tjetu Kanisut (owner of G 2001). Tjetu, [rn=f nfr] his good name Mesni. Appears in chapel relief, north wall (bottom register, presentation scene, first figure on left in row of six male figures facing left, only five named), identified as [xrj-Hb] lector-priest; in situ in G 2001 chapel (= pillared portico). Possibly same individual as owner of south false door (identified there as Mesni, [rn=f nfr] his good name Tjetu).
• 

  Tjetu [I] Kanisut (G 2001)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 2001. Tjetu, [rn=f nfr] his good name Kanisut. Architectural elements, including architrave and pillars of pillared portico, and north false door inscribed for Tjetu, identified as [jmj-r njwt Axt-xwfw sHD wabw Axt-xwfw Xrj-tp nswt pr-aA smr watj Xrj-Hb jmj-r Xntjw-S] overseer of the pyramid-town of Khufu, inspector of wab-priests of the pyramid of Khufu, royal chamberlain of the Great House, sole companion, lector-priest, overseer of the palace attendants; also appears in chapel relief (north, west, south walls); in situ in G 2001 chapel (= pillared portico).
• Unas

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Last king of Dynasty 5. Horus name: [wAD-tAwj]; other names: [wnjs] Unis
• 

  Washka Iri (near D 110)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks False door inscribed for Washka, called Iri, identified as [sHD mDHw n pr-nswt] inspector of carpenters of the palace; found in situ in unidentified mastaba in area of D 110 and D 111.
• Wepemnefret Wep (G 8882)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8882. Entrance lintel inscribed for Wepemnefret, identified as [smr watj Hrj-tp nxb Hrj-sStA n pr-dwAt jmj-jb n nb=f n(j) mrwt] sole companion, chief of Nekheb, secretary of the House of Morning, he who is in the heart of his lord, possessor of love; in situ in G 8882. Chapel entrance lintel and jambs inscribed for Wepemnefret, identified as [xrp aH Hm-nTr Hr-jnpw xntj pr Smswt Hrj-sStA] director of the palace, priest of Horus-Anubis who presides over the suite, secretary; in situ in G 8882. Two eroded false doors and lintels inscribed for Wepemnefret; in situ in chapel of Wepemnefret in G 8882. Also appears in chapel relief (eastern wall), identified as [aD-mr dp aD-mr Hr sbA xntj pt Hrj-wDbw m Hwt-anx] administrator of Dep, administrator of the district 'Star-of-Horus-Foremost-of-Heaven', master of reversion-offerings in the Mansion of Life; in situ in chapel of Ibi in G 8882.

Modern People

• Andrey Bolshakov

  • Type Author
  • Nationality & Dates
• Hedvig Györy

  • Type Editor
  • Nationality & Dates
• Michel Baud

  • Type Individual - Modern
  • Nationality & Dates
• Nadine Cherpion

  • Type Individual - Modern
  • Nationality & Dates
  • Remarks Author of Mastabas et hypogées d'Ancien Empire. Le problème de la datation.
• Peter Der Manuelian

  • Type Individual - Modern
  • Nationality & Dates 1959–
  • Remarks Giza Archives Project Director, 2000-2011; Giza Project at Harvard Director, 2011-present.

• Musée Hongrois des Beaux-Arts

  • Type Publisher