Ancient Egypt, the Aegean, and the Near East, Volume 1, pp. 137-162, "Old Kingdom Beaded Collars"

Ancient People

• Babaef (G 8260)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
• 

  Hetepheres (Lepsius 54)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of Lepsius 54 (part of Seshemnefer [IV] complex). False door inscribed for Hetepheres (upper lintel now missing), identified as [rxt nswt jmAxwt xr hAj=s] royal acquaintance, revered before her husband; also appears in chapel relief, south wall (no longer preserved), identified as [Hm-nTr Nt] priestess of Neith; in situ in Lepsius 54.
• 

  Hetepheres II (G 7110-7120)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Original owner of G 7110, along with Kawab (owner of G 7120). Appears with her daughter Meresankh III in G 7530-7540 (east and west walls, main room), and in pair statue MFA 30.1456 (= 27-4-963 + 27-4-964 + 27-4-965). Later married to a king, possibly Djedefre (Radjedef) according to Reisner, but Khafre is also a possibility. Her association with G 7350, and its sarcophagus is uncertain. Also mentioned in tomb of her steward Khemetnu (owner of G 5210).
• Ibi (in G 8882)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Eldest son ([sA=f smsw] his eldest son) of Wepemnefret Wep (owner of G 8882). Appears on chapel entrance jambs before his parents (called Khure on southern jamb and Ibi [name only partially preserved] on northern jamb), identified on both as [Xrj-Hb sS mDAt-nTr] lector-priest, scribe of the divine book; in situ in G 8882. Entrance architrave and drum inscribed for Ibi, identified as [Xrj-Hb sS mDAt-nTr Hrj-sStA] lector-priest, scribe of the divine book, secretary; architrave in situ, drum found fallen before entrance to chapel of Ibi in G 8882. Also appears in chapel relief on eastern wall before his father; in situ in chapel of Ibi in G 8882.
• 

  Kaemankh (G 4561)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 4561. Architectural elements, including large scale inscription (frieze-text) on north and south faces of chapel, chapel entrance lintel, drum lintel, and door jambs, and architrave (standing figures of Kaemankh separated by panels of vertical inscription) over chapel recess, inscribed for Kaemankh; in situ in G 4561. False door on west wall of chapel recess inscribed for Kaemankh and appears on false door on west wall of chapel corridor inscribed for his wife Tjeset; in situ in G 4651. Also appears in chapel relief (north and south walls of chapel recess; west wall of chapel corridor); in situ in G 4561. Identified variously as [rx nswt sHD jrjw-xt pr-HD sHD Hmw-nTr Hrj-sStA n xtmt nswt wab nswt sS pr-HD sHD pr-HD] royal acquaintance, inspector of administrators of the treasury, inspector of priests, secretary of the king's treasure, royal wab-priest, scribe of the treasury, inspector of the treasury.
• Kai (G 8720)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8720. Entrance jambs and reveals (poorly preserved) inscribed for Kai, identified as [sa nswt jmj-r Xnw xtmw nTr wjA] king's son, overseer of the residence, god's sealer of the ship; in situ in G 8720. Inner chapel entrance lintel inscribed for Kai; in situ in G 8720. Also three model alabaster cups inscribed for [sA nswt kAj] king's son Kai; found displaced in G 8720. Possibly same individual as Kai (in G III-a temple), a descendent of Queen Khamerernebti II, based on five model alabaster vessels found in G III-a temple, inscribed for [sA nswt kAj] king's son Kai.
• 

  Kapunisut Kai (G 4651 and G 1741)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 4651 and G 1741. Architectural elements (in G 4651), including chapel entrance lintel and drum lintel, and north and south false doors inscribed for Kai; also appears (in G 4651) in chapel relief, west and south walls, and chapel entrance north and south door jambs, and chapel facade (panels of relief on either side of chapel entrance), identified as [rx nswt sS a nswt jmj-r Hmw-kA jmj-r prw mswt nswt wab nswt sAb sS aprw] royal acquaintance, royal document scribe, overseer of ka-priests, overseer of the houses of the king's children, royal wab-priest, juridicial scribe of the crews; in situ in G 4651. Also appears (in G 4650) on false door inscribed for Iabtet (owner of G 4650), lower north and south inner jambs, identified as [rx nswt jmj-r Hmw-kA nb jmAx kAj] royal acquaintance, overseer of ka-priests, possessor of reverence, Kai; in situ in G 4650. Architectural elements (in G 1741) inscribed for Kai; also seated group statue (Cairo JE 99128) inscribed for Kai and two of his children, Nefretankh and Shepseska; Kai identified as [sAb sS sqd n wjA] juridicial scribe, rower of a boat); found in situ in G 1741 serdab.
• 

  Kawab (G 7110-7120)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 7120, along with Hetepheres [II] (original owner of G 7110). Son of Khufu and Meretites [I]. Appears in chapel relief in tomb of his daughter Meresankh III (owner of G 7530-7540), main room (east wall), identified as [jrj-pat sA nswt smsw n Xt=f Xrj-Hb Hrj-tp xrp jAwt nTrt aA dwAw] hereditary prince, king's eldest son of his body, chief lector-priest, director of divine offices, assistant of (the god) Duau; in situ in G 7530-7540). Also mentioned in tomb of his steward Khemetnu (owner of G 5210).
• Khufukhaf [II] (G 7150)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
• Khufukhaf [I] (G 7130-7140)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Son of Khufu and probably Henutsen. He is buried in G 7140.
• 

  Mehu (G 2423)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 2423. Blocks of limestone lintel (37-1-22) inscribed for Mehu, identified as [sAb r Nxn smsw hAjt Hm-nTr mAat Hrj-sStA] judge and mouth of Nekhen, elder of the court, priest of Maat, secretary; blocks of limestone door jamb (37-1-24 = MFA 37.2738) inscribed for Mehu and his wife Khenit; blocks of limestone door jamb (37-1-25 = MFA 37.2739) depicting Mehu and his wife Khenit; fragments of relief (ten fragments from 37-1-26 + 37-1-28 + 37-1-29 = MFA 39.833.1 – MFA 39.833.10) forming fragmentary scene of Mehu standing facing right with right arm upraised holding spear and, to left (behind Mehu), five or more horizontal registers and several vertical registers of text; fragments of relief (37-1-23 = MFA 37.2762.1 + MFA 37.2762.2) inscribed for Mehu, identified as [sHD Hrjw-wDbw Hrj-sStA n wDa-mdw StAw (nb) n Hwt-wrt] inspector of the masters of reversion-offerings, secretary of (every) secret judgement of the Great Court; all found reused in intrusive pits G 2423 G, U, X Y or found in chapel debris, originally from G 2423 chapel. Fragment of relief (36-10-16) probably inscribed for Mehu (name not preserved), identified as [sAb r nxn smsw (hAjt) ...nfr-jssj Hrj-sStA] judge and mouth of Nekhen, elder of (the court), ...of the pyramid of Isesi, secretary; found in pit G 2423 A.
• 

  Menkaure

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Fifth king of Dynasty 4. Son of Khafre. Husband of Khamerernebti II. Builder of the Third Pyramid at Giza. Known two thousand years later by the Greeks as King Mycerinus.
• 

  Meresankh III (G 7530-7540)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 7530-7540.Granddaughter of King Khufu, builder of the Great Pyramid, and wife of either Khafre or Menkaure. Her unique underground chapel (labeled G 7530-7540) preserves beautifully carved and painted scenes of the queen and her royal family, as well as servants, artisans, and funerary priests. The scenes also depict the sort of rich burial goods that would have been placed in Meresankh’s tomb: statues and fine furniture; boxes containing food, clothing, and jewelry; even a representation of the black granite sarcophagus that was actually found in situ in her burial chamber. Chapel entrance architrave, jambs, reveals and drum inscribed for Meresankh, idenitifed as [mAAt Hr stX wrt Hts nbwj xt Hr wrt Hst DHwtj smrt Hr mrt=f sAt nswt n Xt=f Hmt nswt mrt] seer of Horus and Seth, great one of the hetes-scepter of the Two Lords, khet-priestess of Horus, great of praises of Thoth, companion of Horus, his beloved, king's daughter of his body, beloved king's wife; in situ in G 7530-7540. Appears in chapel relief of main room: seated holding lotus (south wall); standing with her mother (east wall), idenitifed as [wrt Hts] great one of the hetes-scepter; on pillars (north wall), idenitifed as [tjst Hr] intimate(?) of Horus; seated at offering table, standing north of false door and on central pillar, and with her mother and son (west wall), idenitifed as [Hm-nTr DHwtj wrt Hts nbtj Hm-nTr bApf Hm-nTr HwtHr nbt jwnt smAwt mrjj nbtj] priestess of Thoth, great one of the hetes-scepter of the Two Ladies, priestess of Bapef, priestess of Hathor Mistress-of-Dendera, consort of him who is beloved of the Two Ladies; in situ in G 7530-7540. Also appears on all walls of offering (west) room; in situ in G 7530-7540. Architrave on north wall of north room inscribed for Meresankh; uninscribed statues may also represent Meresankh (along with other female family members); in situ in G 7530-7540. Black granite sarcophagus (Cairo JE 54935) inscribed for Meresankh, idenitifed as [xrp sSmtjw SnDt] director of butchers of the 'Acacia House'; in situ in burial chamber of G 7530-7540. Incomplete limestone statue of Meresankh (MFA 30.1457) and pair statue of Meresankh and Hetepheres II (MFA 30.1456); found displaced in debris of main room. Mother ([mwt=f] his mother) of Nebemakhet (owner of G 8172 = Lepsius 86). Appears in relief of inner chapel (above doorway in eastern wall), identified as [mAAt Hr stX wrt Hts wrt Hst Hmt nswt] seer of Horus and Seth, great one of the hetes-scepter, great of praises, king's wife; in situ in G 8172. Also mentioned in the tomb of her steward Khemetnu (owner of G 5210).
• 

  Mersuankh (G 8990)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8990. Chapel lintel, door jambs and reveals inscribed for Mersuankh, identified as [jmj-r jdw n Xnw sHD Hmw-kA nfr] overseer of young men of the Residence, inspector of ka-priests, cadet; in situ in G 8990. False door inscribed for Mersuankh, identified as [Dt smr rawr jmj-r jdw n Xnw jmj-r jSt=f nbt n Xnw nt rwt] djet-priest of the companion Rawer, overseer of young men of the Residence, overseer of all his (Rawer's) possessions of the Residence and the exterior; in situ in G 8990. Four limestone offering tables inscribed for Mersuankh; in situ before false door. Also appears on false door of his mother Rudjsaus, and in wall reliefs and statuary (JE 66617-66620) from serdabs and shafts; in situ in G 8990.
• Nefer (G 8420)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8420. Chapel entrance drum, door jambs and reveals inscribed for Nefer (figures and inscriptions poorly preserved), identified as [Hrj-sStA xrp aH xrp irw Sn nswt] secretary, director of the palace, director of royal hairdressers; in situ in G 8420. Northern false door inscribed for Nefer, identified as [smr wab nswt Hm-nTr xafra] companion, royal wab-priest, priest of Khafre; found in two pieces on chapel floor of G 8420. Also appears in destroyed chapel relief; in situ in G 8420.
• 

  Ptahkhenui (G 2004)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 2004. Limestone standing pair statue (MFA 06.1876) inscribed for Ptahkhenui and his wife (name not preserved); Ptahkhenui identified as [jmj-xt xntjw-S pr-aA] under-supervisor of palace attendants of the Great House; found in G 2004 serdab.
• 

  Sekhemka (G 1029)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 1029. False door (south false door) inscribed for Sekhemka; also appears in chapel relief (not all instances inscribed with his name); identified as [Hm-nTr Ra m Sspwjbra Hrj-sStA jmj-r st xntjw-S pr-aA wab nswt Hm-nTr xwfw] priest of Re in the sun-temple of Niuserre, secretary, overseer of the department of palace attendants of the Great House, royal wab-priest, priest of Khufu; in situ in G 1029.
• 

  Senedjemib Inti (G 2370)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 2370. Senedjemib, [rn=f nfr] his good name Inti. Father of Senedjemib Mehi (owner of G 2378) and Khnumenti (owner of G 2374). Appears in chapel relief (throughout chapel), architectural elements (including portico facade, door jambs and displaced portico architrave) and false door inscribed for Senedjemib Inti, identified as [xrp sSw nbw Xrj-tp nswt jmj-r Snwtj jmj-r pr-aHAw mDH qd nswt m prwj jmj-r prwj-HD jmj-r jswj Xkr nswt jmj-r st nbt nt Xnw jmj-r prw msw nswt jmj-r Xkr nswt jmj-r Hwt-wrt sjsw jmj-r sDmt nbt jrj-pat HAtj-a tAjtj sAb TAtj jmj-r kAt nbt nt nswt jmj-r sSw a nswt Hrj-sStA wDt-mdw nbt nt nswt Hrj-Xb smr watj] controller of all scribes, royal chamberlain, overseer of the two granaries, overseer of the armory, royal architect in the two houses, overseer of the two treasuries, overseer of the two chambers of royal regalia, overseer of every department of the Residence, overseer of the houses of the royal children, overseer of royal regalia, overseer of the six great law-courts, overseer of all that is judged, hereditary prince, count, chief justice and vizier, overseer of all royal works, overseer of royal document scribes, secretary of every royal decree, lector-priest, sole companion; in situ in G 2370. Limestone sarcophagus inscribed for Senedjemib Inti, identified as [HAtj-a mAa jntj tAjtj sAb TAtj snDmjb Xrj-tp nswt jntj] true count Inti, chief justice and vizier Senedjemib, royal chamberlain Inti; in situ in burial chamber of G 2370 B. Possibly same individual as owner of Lepsius 10 (in Khafre Quarry). Similar titles found on entrance lintel of Lepsius 10, inscribed for Senedjemib Inti. Probably same individual whose name appears on fragmentary limestone architrave (35-9-17 = MFA 35.2033) inscribed for Tjetu; found displaced in G 2338 B (possibly originally from G 2343 = G 5511).
• 

  Seshemnefer [IV] (Lepsius 53)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of Lepsius 53. Two seated statues in forecourt (on either side of exterior chapel entrance), inscribed [smr watj sSmnfr] sole companion Seshemnefer; in situ in Lepsius 53. Interior chapel entrance lintel and drum lintel and false door (in room c) inscribed for Seshemnefer; also appears in chapel relief (in most instances name not preserved, only lower portions of walls preserved) and displaced fragmentary block of relief (Hildesheim 3190) depicted as statue; identified as [xrp nstj m pr-anx Hrj-sStA n mdt nb sStA nt nswt HqA bAt] director of the two thrones in the Mansion of Life, secretary of all secret commands of the king, chief of Bat; in situ in Lepsius 53 (block found in Lepsius 53). Possibly same individual as Seshemnefer (in G 5170), eldest son of Seshemnefer [III] (owner of G 5170).
• 

  Tjenti (in G 7946)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Granite seated scribe statue (31-1-7 = MFA 31.776) and limestone standing statue (31-1-5 = Cairo JE 57019) inscribed for Tjenti, identified on both as [sHD jrjw-xt pr-HD] inspector of custodians of property of the treasury; both found in G 7946 G.
• Wepemnefret Wep (G 8882)

  • Type Individual - Ancient
  • Remarks Owner of G 8882. Entrance lintel inscribed for Wepemnefret, identified as [smr watj Hrj-tp nxb Hrj-sStA n pr-dwAt jmj-jb n nb=f n(j) mrwt] sole companion, chief of Nekheb, secretary of the House of Morning, he who is in the heart of his lord, possessor of love; in situ in G 8882. Chapel entrance lintel and jambs inscribed for Wepemnefret, identified as [xrp aH Hm-nTr Hr-jnpw xntj pr Smswt Hrj-sStA] director of the palace, priest of Horus-Anubis who presides over the suite, secretary; in situ in G 8882. Two eroded false doors and lintels inscribed for Wepemnefret; in situ in chapel of Wepemnefret in G 8882. Also appears in chapel relief (eastern wall), identified as [aD-mr dp aD-mr Hr sbA xntj pt Hrj-wDbw m Hwt-anx] administrator of Dep, administrator of the district 'Star-of-Horus-Foremost-of-Heaven', master of reversion-offerings in the Mansion of Life; in situ in chapel of Ibi in G 8882.

Modern People

• Edward Brovarski

  • Type Author
  • Nationality & Dates
  • Remarks Egyptologist and co-director of the Cairo University-Brown University Excavations (CBE) in the Abu Bakr Cemetery.
• Jacke Phillips

  • Type Editor
  • Nationality & Dates

• Van Siclen Books

  • Type Publisher